一、学习攻坚类
1. 习语原文：Burn the midnight oil
汉语翻译：熬夜苦读/开夜车
英语造句：In order to finish the research paper and prepare for the monthly exam, most senior three students have to burn the midnight oil these days.
句子汉语翻译：为了完成研究性学习报告并备战月考，最近大多数高三学生都不得不熬夜苦读。
2024年高考英语模拟题（完形填空）：As the college entrance exam approached, Li Ming had to ______ every day to review the key knowledge he had missed. A. break a leg B. burn the midnight oil C. hit the books D. kill time
答案：B
解析：句意“随着高考临近，李明不得不每天______来复习遗漏的重点知识”。选项A“祝你成功”、B“熬夜苦读”、C“看书学习”（无熬夜含义）、D“消磨时间”。结合语境“高考临近”“复习遗漏知识”，与习语“熬夜苦读”含义一致，故选B。
【习语溯源】源于古代没有电灯的时代，人们靠油灯照明，熬夜工作或学习就需要燃烧半夜的油灯，后逐渐引申为“熬夜苦读/开夜车”的含义。
2. 习语原文：By heart
汉语翻译：熟记于心/背诵下来
英语造句：We need to learn all the key grammar rules and model essays by heart to get high scores in the college entrance examination English writing.
句子汉语翻译：要在高考英语写作中拿高分，我们需要把所有核心语法规则和范文熟记于心。
2023年全国甲卷高考英语真题（语法填空改编）：The teacher required us to learn the ancient poems ______ (heart) because they are important for the exam.
答案：by heart
解析：本题考查固定搭配“learn...by heart”，意为“熟记……”，是习语的核心用法，符合语境“老师要求我们熟记古诗，因为它们对考试很重要”，故填by heart。
3. 习语原文：Brainstorm
汉语翻译：头脑风暴/集思广益
英语造句：Our group couldn't determine the topic of the English debate, so we decided to brainstorm with our teacher after class.
句子汉语翻译：我们小组确定不了英语辩论赛的主题，于是决定课后和老师一起头脑风暴。
2025年高考英语模拟题（阅读理解细节题）：What did the group do when they couldn't agree on the project topic? A. They asked the teacher for a new topic. B. They had a brainstorm with their advisor. C. They gave up the difficult project. D. They chose the easiest topic directly.
原文依据：When our group failed to reach an agreement on the project topic, we invited our advisor to join our brainstorm session, which helped us find the most suitable one.
答案：B
解析：根据原文“邀请指导老师参加头脑风暴会议”，选项B“和指导老师进行头脑风暴”与习语含义及原文信息一致，A“求新主题”、C“放弃项目”、D“选最简单主题”均不符合，故选B。
4. 习语原文：Bite off more than you can chew
汉语翻译：好高骛远/承担过多
英语造句：He bit off more than he could chew when he signed up for five extracurricular courses plus the college entrance exam tutoring.
句子汉语翻译：他报名了五门课外课程外加高考辅导，真是好高骛远了。
2022年新高考II卷英语真题（完形填空改编）：Tom ______ when he volunteered to organize three events at the same time, and finally he had to ask for help. A. bit off more than he could chew B. had egg on his face C. pulled his weight D. got off on the wrong foot
答案：A
解析：句意“汤姆自愿同时组织三个活动，______，最后不得不求助”。选项A“承担过多”、B“出丑”、C“尽职”、D“开局不利”。结合语境“同时组织三个活动需求助”，与习语“承担过多”含义匹配，故选A。
5. 习语原文：Where there is a will, there is a way.
汉语翻译：有志者事竟成。
英语造句：She failed the college English test band 6 twice, but she kept practicing listening and writing for an hour every day. Finally, she passed it—where there is a will, there is a way.
句子汉语翻译：她两次都没通过大学英语六级考试，但坚持每天练习一小时听力和写作，最后终于通过了——有志者事竟成。
2024年高考英语模拟题（阅读理解主旨题）：Which saying best fits the main idea of the passage? Passage: Zhang Qian failed the driving test three times, but she didn't give up. She practiced driving every weekend and asked the coach for advice regularly. After half a year, she finally passed the test.
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案：B
解析：文章核心“张倩三次驾考失败后不放弃，坚持练习最终通过”，体现“有决心就有办法”。A“熟能生巧”侧重练习量，C“守得云开见月明”侧重困境转机，D“患难见真情”侧重友情，均不如B贴合主旨，故选B。
6. 习语原文：Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
汉语翻译：不入虎穴，焉得虎子/不冒风险就无收获。
英语造句：Though he was afraid of failing, he still participated in the national English speech contest. As it turned out, nothing ventured, nothing gained—he won the third prize.
句子汉语翻译：虽然害怕失败，但他还是参加了全国英语演讲比赛。事实证明，不入虎穴焉得虎子——他获得了三等奖。
2023年北京卷高考英语真题（七选五改编）：Which sentence best matches the saying "Nothing ventured, nothing gained"? A. If you don't try new things, you'll never know what you can achieve. B. It's important to prepare carefully before doing something. C. You should always learn from others' mistakes. D. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
答案：A
解析：习语核心“不冒险就无收获”，选项A“不尝试新事物就不知自身潜力”体现“尝试（冒险）与收获”的关系；B“精心准备”、C“借鉴错误”、D“今日事今日毕”均不匹配，故选A。
【习语溯源】最早可追溯到14世纪的英国谚语，原句为“Nothing ventured, nothing had”，后逐渐演变为此刻的表达，核心含义始终围绕“风险与收获的辩证关系”。
二、人际智慧类
7. 习语原文：A friend in need is a friend indeed.
汉语翻译：患难见真情。
英语造句：When I got stuck in the preparation for the college interview and felt desperate, my best friend spent three nights helping me polish my self-introduction—A friend in need is a friend indeed.
句子汉语翻译：当我陷入大学面试准备的困境并感到绝望时，我最好的朋友花了三个晚上帮我修改自我介绍——患难见真情。
2022年浙江卷高考英语真题（完形填空）：When Lisa lost her job and couldn't pay the rent, only Mary helped her. That's true—______. A. a friend in need is a friend indeed B. actions speak louder than words C. practice makes perfect D. every dog has its day
答案：A
解析：语境“莉萨失业交不起房租，只有玛丽帮忙”，体现“患难时的友情”，与习语“患难见真情”完全匹配；B“行动胜于言语”、C“熟能生巧”、D“人人皆有得意时”均不贴合，故选A。
【习语溯源】源自古典拉丁语文学作品，后被翻译成英语并广泛流传，16世纪英国剧作家莎士比亚在作品中也曾引用类似表达，使其成为描述友情的经典谚语。
8. 习语原文：Actions speak louder than words.
汉语翻译：行动胜于言语。
英语造句：Instead of just promising to support his classmates' charity sale, he helped design posters and promoted it on social media—actions speak louder than words.
句子汉语翻译：他没有只承诺支持同学的义卖活动，而是帮忙设计海报并在社交媒体上宣传——行动胜于言语。
2024年高考英语模拟题（写作情境题）：请结合“Actions speak louder than words”写一个约50词的小故事，体现该谚语含义。
参考范文：My classmate Tom promised to help with the library volunteer work. He not only came on time but also organized books for 3 hours. Everyone praised him, for actions speak louder than words.
解析：范文通过“汤姆承诺帮忙图书馆志愿工作，不仅准时到还整理书籍3小时”的行动，体现“行动胜于言语”，符合谚语核心含义，情节简洁且点题。
9. 习语原文：Practice what you preach.
汉语翻译：言行一致/以身作则。
英语造句：The monitor always tells us to hand in homework on time, and he never misses the deadline himself—he really practices what he preaches.
句子汉语翻译：班长总是要求我们按时交作业，他自己也从未逾期——他确实做到了言行一致。
2023年江苏高考模拟题（阅读理解细节题）：Why did the students respect Mr. Smith? A. He always gave them high grades. B. He practiced what he preached. C. He often told funny stories in class. D. He allowed them to hand in homework late.
原文依据：Mr. Smith often told his students to be honest, and he never lied to them even about small things. The students all respected him for this.
答案：B
解析：原文“史密斯先生告诉学生要诚实，自己即使小事也不撒谎”，体现“言行一致”，与习语“Practice what you preach”含义一致；A“给高分”、C“讲趣事”、D“允许迟交作业”均未提及，故选B。
10. 习语原文：Give someone the benefit of the doubt.
汉语翻译：先相信别人是无辜的/给人留有余地。
英语造句：Though his group member forgot to bring the presentation materials, he chose to give him the benefit of the doubt and helped borrow equipment together.
句子汉语翻译：虽然他的组员忘了带演示材料，但他选择先相信对方不是故意的，并一起帮忙借设备。
2025年高考英语模拟题（完形填空）：When Jenny was late for the meeting without calling, we decided to ______ and believed she had a good reason. A. give her the benefit of the doubt B. keep an eye on her C. get along with her D. make fun of her
答案：A
解析：句意“珍妮开会迟到没打电话，我们决定______，相信她有合理理由”。选项A“给她留有余地，相信她无辜”、B“留意她”、C“和她和睦相处”、D“取笑她”。结合“相信她有理由”，与习语含义匹配，故选A。
11. 习语原文：A fair exchange is no robbery.
汉语翻译：公平交换不算吃亏/等价交换理所当然。
英语造句：I helped my deskmate with his math problems, and he taught me how to improve my oral English—A fair exchange is no robbery.
句子汉语翻译：我帮同桌补习数学题，他教我如何提升英语口语——公平交换不算吃亏。
2022年山东高考模拟题（语法填空改编）：I helped my neighbor fix his bike, and he cooked dinner for me. It's a fair exchange ______ no robbery.
答案：is
解析：本题考查习语的完整表达“A fair exchange is no robbery”，句意“我帮邻居修自行车，他给我做晚饭，公平交换不算吃亏”，空格处需填be动词is，构成完整习语结构。
三、人生哲理类
12. 习语原文：Rome was not built in a day.
汉语翻译：伟业非一日之功/冰冻三尺非一日之寒。
英语造句：You can't master English literature in half a year; Rome was not built in a day—you need to read classic works and analyze essays continuously.
句子汉语翻译：你不可能半年就精通英国文学，伟业非一日之功——你需要持续阅读经典作品并分析文章。
2023年全国乙卷高考英语真题（阅读理解主旨题）：What does the author want to tell us through the passage? Passage: Learning a musical instrument takes years of practice. Even great musicians like Beethoven spent hours practicing every day from a young age. No one can become a master overnight.
A. Rome was not built in a day. B. No pains, no gains. C. All roads lead to Rome. D. It's never too old to learn.
答案：A
解析：文章核心“学乐器需多年练习，贝多芬也每日苦练，无人能一夜成大师”，体现“伟业非一日之功”；B“不劳无获”侧重付出与收获，C“条条大路通罗马”侧重方法多样，D“活到老学到老”侧重学习年龄，均不如A贴合，故选A。
【习语溯源】源于古罗马历史，罗马城从建城到发展为庞大帝国历经数百年时间，并非短时间建成，后人们用此谚语比喻“宏大的成就需要长期积累”。
13. 习语原文：Every cloud has a silver lining.
汉语翻译：黑暗中总有一线光明/守得云开见月明。
英语造句：He failed the first mock exam, but every cloud has a silver lining—he found his weak points in physics and made targeted improvements.
句子汉语翻译：他第一次模拟考失利了，但黑暗中总有一线光明——他找到了物理学科的薄弱点并进行了针对性提升。
2024年高考英语模拟题（完形填空）：Lily lost her favorite necklace, but ______—she found a new friend while looking for it. A. every cloud has a silver lining B. practice makes perfect C. a stitch in time saves nine D. where there is a will, there is a way
答案：A
解析：语境“莉莉丢了心爱的项链，但找项链时交到了新朋友”，体现“困境中的转机”，与习语“黑暗中总有一线光明”匹配；B“熟能生巧”、C“小洞不补大洞吃苦”、D“有志者事竟成”均不贴合，故选A。
14. 习语原文：All that glitters is not gold.
汉语翻译：闪光的未必都是金子/外表光鲜者未必可靠。
英语造句：Some so-called "high-efficiency" review materials online look attractive, but all that glitters is not gold—many of them don't match the college entrance exam syllabus.
句子汉语翻译：网上一些所谓的“高效”复习资料看起来很吸引人，但闪光的未必都是金子——很多都不符合高考考纲。
2022年新高考I卷英语真题（阅读理解细节题）：What can we learn from the passage about the "cheap and beautiful" clothes? A. They are made of real gold. B. They are worth buying. C. All that glitters is not gold. D. They are popular with everyone.
原文依据：The "cheap and beautiful" clothes in the market look nice, but they are made of poor materials and easily broken.
答案：C
解析：原文“市场上‘物美价廉’的衣服看起来好看，但材质差易破”，体现“外表光鲜实则不佳”，与习语“All that glitters is not gold”含义一致；A“由真金制成”、B“值得买”、D“人人喜欢”均与原文矛盾，故选C。
【习语溯源】出自英国剧作家莎士比亚的经典作品《威尼斯商人》，原句为“All that glisters is not gold”（glisters为glitters的古英语形式），用于警示人们不要被外表迷惑。
15. 习语原文：Time and tide wait for no man.
汉语翻译：时不我待/岁月不等人。
英语造句：As senior three students, we should make a detailed study plan and cherish every minute because time and tide wait for no man.
句子汉语翻译：作为高三学生，我们应该制定详细的学习计划并珍惜每一分钟，因为时不我待。
2025年高考英语模拟题（写作开头句）：请用“Time and tide wait for no man”开头，写一段关于“珍惜高中时光”的约60词短文。
参考范文：Time and tide wait for no man. As senior high students, we should cherish every minute. We can make a study plan to review knowledge and take part in meaningful activities. Only in this way can we not regret when we graduate.
解析：范文以谚语开头，围绕“制定计划复习、参与有意义活动”展开，体现“珍惜高中时光”的主题，紧扣谚语“时不我待”的核心含义，结构清晰且点题。
16. 习语原文：A stitch in time saves nine.
汉语翻译：小洞不补，大洞吃苦/及时补救，事半功倍。
英语造句：If you find you can't understand the tense knowledge, ask the teacher immediately—A stitch in time saves nine, or you'll fall behind later.
句子汉语翻译：如果你发现时态知识听不懂，马上问老师——小洞不补大洞吃苦，否则后面会跟不上。
2023年湖北高考模拟题（完形填空）：When you find a small mistake in your homework, correct it at once. Remember, ______. A. a stitch in time saves nine B. time and tide wait for no man C. all that glitters is not gold D. no pains, no gains
答案：A
解析：句意“发现作业中的小错误要立刻改正，记住______”。选项A“及时补救事半功倍”、B“时不我待”、C“闪光的未必是金子”、D“不劳无获”。结合“及时改小错”的语境，与习语含义匹配，故选A。
四、实践智慧类
17. 习语原文：Kill two birds with one stone.
汉语翻译：一石二鸟/一举两得。
英语造句：We can attend the English corner to practice spoken English and make friends with students from other schools at the same time—that's killing two birds with one stone.
句子汉语翻译：我们可以参加英语角练习口语，同时和外校学生交朋友——这真是一石二鸟。
2024年全国卷高考模拟题（阅读理解细节题）：Why did the author choose to walk to school? A. It was the cheapest way. B. It killed two birds with one stone. C. He didn't have a bike. D. His home was very close to school.
原文依据：I chose to walk to school every day. On the way, I could listen to English podcasts to improve my listening skills and also enjoy the beautiful scenery.
答案：B
解析：原文“步行上学既能听英语播客练听力，又能欣赏美景”，体现“一举两得”，与习语“Kill two birds with one stone”含义一致；A“最便宜的方式”、C“没自行车”、D“家离学校近”均未提及，故选B。
18. 习语原文：Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
汉语翻译：不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里/不要孤注一掷。
英语造句：When preparing for college applications, you shouldn't apply only to one top university; don't put all your eggs in one basket—apply to several schools at different levels.
句子汉语翻译：准备大学申请时，不要只申请一所顶尖大学，不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里——申请几所不同层次的学校。
2022年天津卷高考英语真题（完形填空改编）：When investing money, you should not put all your money in one project. It's like ______. A. don't put all your eggs in one basket B. burn the midnight oil C. bite off more than you can chew D. give someone the benefit of the doubt
答案：A
解析：语境“投资时不要把所有钱投到一个项目”，与习语“不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”的“不孤注一掷”含义完全匹配；B“熬夜苦读”、C“承担过多”、D“给人留有余地”均不贴合，故选A。
【习语溯源】最早是经济学领域的风险警示语，由17世纪英国经济学家亚当·斯密提出，后逐渐演变为通用谚语，提醒人们避免将所有资源集中在一处以降低风险。
19. 习语原文：Cut to the chase.
汉语翻译：直入主题/开门见山。
英语造句：We have limited time for the group discussion, so let's cut to the chase and talk about the key points of the presentation.
句子汉语翻译：我们小组讨论的时间有限，所以开门见山，谈谈演示的重点内容吧。
2025年高考英语模拟题（情景对话）：—We only have 10 minutes to discuss the plan. —______. Let's talk about the main goal first. A. Cut to the chase B. It's a piece of cake C. Take your time D. That's a good point
答案：A
解析：语境“只有10分钟讨论计划，先谈主要目标”，体现“直入主题”；选项A“开门见山”、B“小菜一碟”、C“慢慢来”、D“说得好”，只有A符合时间紧张需直奔重点的语境，故选A。
20. 习语原文：Blow off steam.
汉语翻译：发泄情绪/释放压力。
英语造句：After the intense weekly exam, our class went to play badminton together to blow off steam.
句子汉语翻译：紧张的周测结束后，我们班一起去打羽毛球释放压力。
2024年高考英语模拟题（完形填空）：After the stressful college entrance exam simulation, most students chose to play basketball or listen to music to ______. A. blow off steam B. burn the midnight oil C. cut to the chase D. put all eggs in one basket
答案：A
解析：句意“紧张的高考模拟考后，大多数学生选择打篮球或听音乐来______”。选项A“释放压力”、B“熬夜苦读”、C“直入主题”、D“孤注一掷”。结合“考后放松”的语境，与习语“释放压力”含义一致，故选A。
五、逆境成长类
21. 习语原文：No pains, no gains.
汉语翻译：不劳无获/一分耕耘一分收获。
英语造句：If you want to get a high score in the college entrance exam, you have to review textbooks repeatedly and do hundreds of test papers—no pains, no gains.
句子汉语翻译：如果你想在高考中取得高分，就得反复复习课本并做上百套试卷——一分耕耘一分收获。
2023年全国甲卷高考英语真题（阅读理解主旨题改编）：Which saying can best summarize the passage? Passage: Wang Hui wanted to win the school English singing competition. She practiced singing the English song for two hours every day after school and asked the music teacher for guidance. Finally, she won the first prize.
A. Every cloud has a silver lining. B. No pains, no gains.
C. Better late than never. D. Actions speak louder than words.
答案：B
解析：文章核心“王辉为赢得英语歌唱比赛，每天练歌两小时并请教老师，最终夺冠”，体现“付出与收获”的关系，与习语“不劳无获”完全匹配；A“困境有转机”、C“迟做总比不做好”、D“行动胜于言语”均不贴合主旨，故选B。
【习语溯源】源自17世纪英国谚语，原句为“No pain, no gain”，后逐渐演变为复数形式“pains”以强调“付出的辛苦”，是体现“付出与回报”关系的最经典谚语之一。
22. 习语原文：Better late than never.
汉语翻译：迟做总比不做好/亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。
英语造句：He didn't start reviewing chemistry until the second semester of senior three, but better late than never—he focused on the key knowledge and improved a lot.
句子汉语翻译：他直到高三下学期才开始复习化学，但迟做总比不做好——他专注于核心知识点，进步很大。
2022年新高考I卷英语真题（完形填空改编）：Though he didn't start preparing for the speech contest until three days before, he practiced hard day and night. ______, he won the third prize.
A. Better late than never B. No pains, no gains C. Rome was not built in a day D. Every dog has its day
答案：A
解析：语境“他赛前三天才开始准备演讲比赛，却刻苦练习并获三等奖”，体现“虽晚但付出有回报”，与习语“迟做总比不做好”含义匹配；B“不劳无获”侧重付出本身，C“伟业非一日之功”侧重长期积累，D“人人皆有得意时”侧重运气，均不贴合，故选A。
23. 习语原文：Every failure is a stepping stone to success.
汉语翻译：每一次失败都是成功的垫脚石。
英语造句：She was rejected by three universities in the early application, but she regarded it as experience—every failure is a stepping stone to success, and she was admitted by her dream school later.
句子汉语翻译：她在提前批申请中被三所大学拒绝，但她把这当作经验——每一次失败都是成功的垫脚石，后来她被梦想的大学录取了。
2025年高考英语模拟题（写作情境题）：请结合“Every failure is a stepping stone to success”写一个约50词的小故事，体现该谚语含义。
参考范文：Li Tao failed the math competition twice. He analyzed mistakes and practiced hard. In the third year, he won the prize. Every failure is a stepping stone to success.
解析：范文通过“李涛两次数学竞赛失利后分析错误、刻苦练习，最终获奖”的情节，直接体现“失败是成功垫脚石”的核心含义，情节简洁且点题。
24. 习语原文：Mastery requires consistency.
汉语翻译：精通源于坚持/熟能生巧贵在恒。
英语造句：He insists on reading one English news article and writing a summary every day. After a year, his reading and writing skills have improved significantly—mastery requires consistency.
句子汉语翻译：他坚持每天读一篇英语新闻并写摘要，一年后他的读写能力显著提升——精通源于坚持。
2024年高考英语模拟题（阅读理解细节题）：Why did the author's English reading ability improve a lot? A. He took expensive tutoring classes. B. He read English news and wrote summaries daily. C. He won an English reading contest. D. His parents helped him practice every day.
原文依据：I didn't make progress in English reading at first. Later, I decided to read one English news article and write a summary every day. After one year, my reading speed and comprehension improved greatly. As the saying goes, mastery requires consistency.
答案：B
解析：原文明确提到“每天读一篇英语新闻并写摘要”是提升阅读能力的原因，这与习语“精通源于坚持”的核心“持续行动带来精通”一致；A“报昂贵辅导班”、C“获阅读比赛奖”、D“父母帮忙练习”均未提及，故选B。
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